This week I’m working on testing out the new Firepower Thread Defense (FTD) 6.1 image for the ASA 5500-X, and hopefully getting familiar with how things work in the new setup. One of the things I’m most excited about is the onboard management interface — this is an HTML based interface that no longer requires ASDM, which is a huge step in the right direction, in my opinion.
I’m going to go cover the reimage process and see what a box looks like from a fresh start, as well as give some overviews of the management interface and the CLI. I’ll try not to dig too deep in this introduction but I’m hoping to provide a lot of screenshots of various screens and things I notice during the setup.
For your reference, you can find the 6.1.0 release notes here, and the Firepower Threat Defense 6.1.0 Configuration Guide here.
Reimaging
I’ll cover the gist of the reimage process now, but you can find the full instructions here.
The big thing to note during the reimage, is that it will wipe out everything you have on your device — configuration, ASA/ASDM images, Anyconnect packages — everything. So be sure to backup anything you want to keep.
To complete the reimage you’ll need console access to your ASA, a TFTP server, and the FTD cdisk file for your platform.
Let’s get started.
- Verify your hardware is the correct ROMMON version. FTD requires minimum version of 1.1.8. You can verify this using the show module command. Look at the Fw Version value.
5515-X# sh module
Mod Card Type Model Serial No.
---- -------------------------------------------- ------------------ -----------
0 ASA 5515-X with SW, 6 GE Data, 1 GE Mgmt, AC ASA5515 XXX
...
Mod MAC Address Range Hw Version Fw Version Sw Version
---- --------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------
0 84b8.022a.133f to 84b8.022a.1346 1.0 2.1(9)8 9.4(2)6
- Reload your ASA
- Interrupt the boot process by pressing ESC when prompted.
- In ROMMON, configure your network settings:
rommon #0> interface gigabitethernet0/1
rommon #1> address 10.2.3.11
rommon #2> server 10.2.3.135
rommon #3> gateway 10.2.3.135
rommon #4> file ftd-boot-9.6.2.0.cdisk
rommon #5> set
- Confirm your settings and commit the changes using the sync command
rommon #6> sync
- Initiate the image download using the tftpdnld command:
rommon #7> tftpdnld
- After the downloaded, the device will load the image and you’ll be at an FTD Boot console. From here use the setup command to configure the basic parameters for your box (Hostname, address, gateway, DNS, NTP).
- The last step is to download and install the actual FTD install package.
> system install noconfirm http://10.2.3.135:8080/ftd-6.1.0-330.pkg
The documentation says this step could take up to 30 minutes, but mine finished in less time.
Configuring the ASA using Firepower Device Manager
Once the box is back online, we’re now ready to test out the new onboard management interface, Firepower Device Manager. Browsing to the management address, we’re presented with a screen that almost brings a tear to my eyes:
Finally! After so many years of fighting with ASDM and trying to find the right Java version, we’re finally able to use a built in web interface. Ignore any limitations with the available functionality in FDM for now — just savor the moment.
The default login is admin and Admin123
After login we’re have to go through an initial setup wizard.
That’s fine, I guess, so let’s move through it. I’ll select Gig0/5 as my outside interface since I don’t have it hooked up to anything but the LAN right now.
Next we’ll setup the outside interface addresses for IPv4 and IPv6:
And the Management interface DNS. I choose DHCP during the CLI setup, so this info was already populated for me. All I did was change the hostname.
Click Next and wait patiently….
Uh oh, bold red text is bad, right?
Ok, fine. So it really wants to be able to talk to the outside world during the setup. My test box is remote, and since I only had 2 interfaces connected, I figured I would configure the box without an internet connection for now. Guess FDM had other ideas. So I’ll go back and change the outside interface to be Gig0/0, and we’ll leave the inside disconnected.
I went back through the last couple of screens after changing the outside interface, and was then asked to configure NTP:
Now we get to the licensing page. It looks like FTD will only use Smart Licenses, so I’ll be sure to familiarize myself with that in the very near future. For now I’ll use the 90-day eval license.
And bingo, we’re ready to rock and roll!
The Dashboard
After the confirmation window, we land at the device dashboard:
There’s not much to say about this. It’s got a nice clean look, and it gives you quick access to most of the basic settings on your box. I would compare it to the Device Setup and Device Management sections from ASDM.
Monitoring Menu
The System Dashboard within the monitoring menu is really similar to the ASDM landing page — you have some graphs of throughput, CPU, and Memory, as well as event counts and Disk usage. My test box doesn’t have anything connected to it, unfortunately, so I have to apologize since my screenshots won’t be showing much more than the layout.
If you look down the menu on the left side of the screen, you’ll see the Firepower categories. This is the same info you would see in the Firepower Management Center (FMC) console, or your Firepower Dashboards within ASDM if you’re running it direclty on the box.
Policies Menu
When you click on the Policies menu item, you land on the Access Control page. This is where you will build your policies for allowing/denying traffic and is analagous to the ASDM Access Rules page. There is a default rule already installed (part of the initial setup process) allowing all traffic from inside to outside.
You’ll quickly notice that much like other sections in the management interface, the access rule page feels a bit like the FMC, or even like the Palo Alto firewall interface, for those of you who are familiar with PA. The similarities are even more apparent when you add an access rule:
Clicking on the NAT item, you’ll see the default NAT rule that was also added during the intial setup:
Adding a new NAT rule is just as easy as it was in ASDM, although now you are required to create objects for everything:
Something to note here that differs from ASDM — hovering over objects does not reveal the IP address of the object, only the object name again.
The last page under the Policies menu is Identity and this is where you configure policies on obtaining user identity information.
The first thing to do here is define where you will pull identity information. You can choose between Active Directory or … Active Directory. AD is currently the only supported server type, and you’re only allowed to configure one server here.
Once you have a Directory Server configured you can add identity policy rules. The two types of Authentication available are Active and No Auth. Active Authentication is only used on HTTP traffic, per this note in the help documentation:
Keep in mind that regardless of your rule configuration, active authentication is performed on HTTP traffic only. Thus, you do not need to create rules to exclude non-HTTP traffic from active authentication. You can simply apply an active authentication rule to all sources and destinations if you want to get user identity information for all HTTP traffic.
Another thing to note from the help documentation is that Identity policies don’t actually block traffic — they’re used for gathering information only.
I won’t dig too deep into this right now, but there are two types of Active Authentication – HTTP and HTTP response, and one transparent method that uses integrated windows Authentication.
Objects Menu
Moving over to the objects menu, you’ll see that this is a very familiar space where we can define our host/network objects, port/port group objects, and security zones. The only thing to notice here is that we can configure application filter, URL, and geolocation objects for use in access control rules.
One final note about the Policies and Objects menus, is that much like ASDM, changes are queued for delivery to the device. As you begin making changes, you’ll noticean icon on the top bar with an orange dot:
Seems simple enough — queue changes to deliver them in bulk – got it. One thing I couldn’t find, however, was a cancel or reset changes button. So at this point in time it appears that changes made through the FTD interface are a one way street — better make sure you backed up your config before you started messing around with things.
On the plus side though, after the deployment is completed you can see a record of the changes that were made:
The CLI
The beloved ASA CLI has also changed with the FTD image. After you first login, you can see that we are no longer in Kansas, er, in ASA land anymore. Instead, we’re running the Cisco Fire Linux OS:
Copyright 2004-2016, Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Cisco Fire Linux OS v6.1.0 (build 37)
Cisco ASA5515-X Threat Defense v6.1.0 (build 330)
>
At first glance things appear pretty similar — you can still run most of your show commands, including:
- Viewing translations
> show xlate
1 in use, 1 most used
Flags: D - DNS, e - extended, I - identity, i - dynamic, r - portmap,
s - static, T - twice, N - net-to-net
NAT from outside:0.0.0.0/0 to any:0.0.0.0/0
flags sIT idle 51:12:07 timeout 0:00:00
- connections
> show conn all
8 in use, 14 most used
UDP outside 0.0.0.0:68 NP Identity Ifc 255.255.255.255:67, idle 0:01:23, bytes 300, flags -
UDP outside 10.2.3.102:68 NP Identity Ifc 255.255.255.255:67, idle 0:01:07, bytes 600, flags -
UDP outside 10.2.3.97:68 NP Identity Ifc 255.255.255.255:67, idle 0:00:40, bytes 900, flags -
UDP outside 10.2.3.47:68 NP Identity Ifc 255.255.255.255:67, idle 0:00:37, bytes 900, flags -
UDP outside 10.2.3.147:68 NP Identity Ifc 255.255.255.255:67, idle 0:01:19, bytes 900, flags -
- routes
> show route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
Gateway of last resort is 10.2.0.254 to network 0.0.0.0
S* 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 10.2.0.254, outside
C 10.2.0.0 255.255.248.0 is directly connected, outside
and much, much more!
Suffice it to say that a lot of what you’re used to seeing from the CLI is still available as it relates to viewing your setup and troubleshooting. The big gotcha, however, is that it appears you can’t easily make changes from the CLI. There is no configure terminal any more, and the configuration commands left available to you are minimal:
> configure
disable-https-access Disable https access
disable-ssh-access Disable ssh access
firewall Change to Firewall Configuration Mode
high-availability Change to Configure High-Availability Mode
https-access-list Configure the https access list
log-events-to-ramdisk Configure Logging of Events to disk
manager Change to Manager Configuration Mode
network Change to Network Configuration Mode
password Change password
ssh-access-list Configure the ssh access list
ssl-protocol Configure SSL protocols for https web access.
user Change to User Configuration Mode
Some of the available configure commands are a bit misleading as well. For example, configure firewall does not allow you to actually change anything about the firewall other than routed or transparent mode. Clearly the goal here is to get you out of the CLI and back into the Web interface. In fact, I wasn’t able to find anything really useful to configure from the CLI — just basic items that you would use to setup the box in the first place. If I find any more useful details I’ll update this post, but for now I’ll just assume that CLI is for troubleshooting only, and all configuration should be done from the GUI.
My Observations
First of all, I love the direction this is going and have wondered for years why Cisco stayed with ASDM given that the competitors are using built-in interfaces. That being said, I also realize and acknowledge that it takes a lot of effort to move away from a management tool like ASDM. I was at Cisco Live this year in Las Vegas, and the ASDM angst was palpable. In fact, when FTD was mentioned in one of my sessions, the crowd went wild when the presenter made the comment that there was no more ASDM in FTD. Many of us have years of experience with ASA’s (or even PIX), so ASDM is very comfortable to us, but it’s hard to deny the anguish it has caused over the years.
As for Firepower Threat Defense itself, it’s a great start and I can’t wait to see what the next releases bring. I’m calmly reminding myself that this is the dot zero first 6.1 release of FTD. Things take time, and the best things take more time.
BrandonFarmer.com 